Volta doesn't work after first volta in second measure.

Well, it might get added one day, but this use is counter all common use.
Check e.g. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repeat_sign#Different_endings

There is a larger rewrite of the repeats code pending, see https://github.com/musescore/MuseScore/pull/6248, not sure that that address this volta problem too

Earlier MuseScore versions even crashed on such 'misuse', see #274690: Playback of a score starting with a volta fails and leads to crash

But see also #286298: Volta in Measure 1

You certainly don't need to write all measures twice.
Only the first one needs to be duplicated under your first end volta.

Yes, writing the passage twice is one possibility. Another is to place the start repeat after that first measure, and put the second measure in as the first ending, as suggested by others. That's actually what I would probably recommend too.

A new feature can certainly added to a computer program to understand playback you mean, but you won't be able to retrain millions of musicians to understand this new notation. They won't know what to do with that notation. So you should not rely on non-standard features like this.